老年认知功能障碍患者营养风险预测模型的建立
时间:2025-02-02 12:09:26 热度:37.1℃ 作者:网络
认知功能障碍根据严重程度,可以分为轻度认知功能障碍(mild cognitive impairment,MCI)和痴呆,痴呆的核心是获得性认知功能的损伤,导致患者的学习、生活、工作和社会交往能力显著下降[1]。一项纵向队列研究表明[2],营养不良是导致认知功能减退的一个危险因素。相较于认知功能正常的患者,轻度认知损害和阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)患者有更高的营养不良发生率[3-7]。因此,认知功能障碍患者营养风险的早期筛查非常重要,可以指导临床医师给予患者合理、及时的干预措施。诊断营养不良的第一步是使用有效的工具进行营养筛查,目前尚无统一的诊断标准,现临床上普遍使用营养风险筛查2002(nutritional risk screening 2002,NRS2002)、微型营养评价(mini-nutritional assessment,MNA)作为住院患者的营养筛查工具。由于老年人是一个特殊的群体,许多筛查方式不适用,迄今为止,暂未有适用于筛查认知障碍患者营养风险的金标准。本研究中使用的营养评估工具是NRS2002、控制营养状况评分(controlling nutritional status score,CONUT)[8]、老年营养风险指数(geriatric nutritional risk index,GNRI)[4]。CONUT与GNRI是近年来出现的客观性营养筛查工具,具有简易、低成本、较全面等优势,已经广泛应用于其他疾病营养筛查,并与国内外认可的营养筛查工具进行有效性比较,结果受到肯定。本研究初步尝试建立老年认知功能障碍患者的营养风险预测模型,期望可以作为有效工具协助评估认知功能障碍患者住院期间的营养状态,为进一步完善预后评估及营养治疗方案调整提供理论依据。
1 对象与方法
1.2 研究方法
2 结果
注:BMI,体质指数;ADL,日常生活能力评定;HGB,血红蛋白;serum sodium,血清钠;TG,甘油三酯;HDL,高密度脂蛋白;LDL,低密度脂蛋白;FBG,空腹血糖。
2.6 老年认知功能障碍患者营养风险预测模型的建立
注:Age,年龄;CONUT,控制营养状况评分;GNRI,老年营养风险指数;BMI,体质指数;HGB,血红蛋白;serum sodium,血清钠;HDL,高密度脂蛋白。
3 讨论
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【引用格式】王倩,苗海军,陈巍,等. 老年认知功能障碍患者营养风险预测模型的建立[J]. 中国神经精神疾病杂志,2024,50(12):711-718.
【Cite this article】WANG Q,MIAO H J,CHEN W,et al.Establishment of a nutritional risk prediction model for elderly patients with cognitive impairment[J]. Chin J Nervous Mental Dis,2024,50(12):711-718.
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1002-0152.2024.12.002
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