美国商务部下属的工业和安全局（BIS）今天宣布了计划，声称将限制华为使用美国技术和软件在国外设计和制造其半导体的能力。

这一公告无异于直接阻断了华为暗中规避美国出口管制条例的做法。工业和安全局正在修改其由来已久的外国生产的直接产品规则和实体名单（Entity List），专门且具有战略性地针对华为的这一做法：采购属于某些美国软件和技术的直接产品的半导体。

自从2019年工业和安全局将华为技术公司及其名下的114家海外分公司添加到实体名单上以来，希望出口美国产品的公司必须获得许可证。

美国商务部声称：华为继续使用美国的软件和技术来设计半导体，通过委托使用美国设备的海外芯片制造厂生产半导体，违反实体名单确保国家安全和外交政策的目的。

美国商务部部长Wilbur Ross说：“尽管美国商务部去年采取了‘实体名单’行动，但华为及其国外分公司仍加大了努力，通过本土化做法规避出于美国国家安全目的而实施的这些限制。然而，这种本地化做法仍有赖于美国的技术。这不是负责任的全球企业公民应有的行为。我们必须修改被华为和海思半导体所利用的规则，并防止美国技术支持有悖于美国国家安全和外交政策利益的有害活动。”

具体来说，这番针对性的规则变化将使以下国外生产的产品受到《出口管理条例》（EAR）的约束：

（i）由华为及其在实体名单上的分公司（比如海思半导体）生产的产品，这些产品又是某些美国商业管制清单（CCL）软件和技术的直接产品，比如半导体设计；以及

（ii）利用华为或其在实体名单上的分公司（比如海思半导体）的设计规范生产的产品，这些产品又是位于美国境外的某些CCL半导体制造设备的直接产品，比如芯片组。这类外国生产的产品仅在明确知道它们要转出口、从国外出口或（国内）转移到华为或其在实体名单上的任何分公司时，才需要许可证。

美国商务部称：为了防止对使用美国半导体制造设备的外国芯片制造厂立即造成不利的经济影响——这些制造厂已从[规则生效日期]开始对基于华为设计规范的产品启动任何生产步骤，此类外国生产的产品不受这些新的许可要求的约束，只要它们在生效日期后120天内转出口、从国外出口或（国内）转移。

美国商务部英文原文：

Commerce Addresses Huawei’s Efforts to Undermine Entity List, Restricts Products Designed and Produced with U.S. Technologies

The Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) today announced plans to protect U.S. national security by restricting Huawei’s ability to use U.S. technology and software to design and manufacture its semiconductors abroad. This announcement cuts off Huawei’s efforts to undermine U.S. export controls. BIS is amending its longstanding foreign-produced direct product rule and the Entity List to narrowly and strategically target Huawei’s acquisition of semiconductors that are the direct product of certain U.S. software and technology.

Since 2019 when BIS added Huawei Technologies and 114 of its overseas-related affiliates to the Entity List, companies wishing to export U.S. items were required to obtain a license.However, Huawei has continued to use U.S. software and technology to design semiconductors, undermining the national security and foreign policy purposes of the Entity List by commissioning their production in overseas foundries using U.S. equipment.

“Despite the Entity List actions the Department took last year, Huawei and its foreign affiliates have stepped-up efforts to undermine these national security-based restrictions through an indigenization effort. However, that effort is still dependent on U.S. technologies,” said Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross. “This is not how a responsible global corporate citizen behaves. We must amend our rules exploited by Huawei and HiSilicon and prevent U.S. technologies from enabling malign activities contrary to U.S. national security and foreign policy interests.”

Specifically, this targeted rule change will make the following foreign-produced items subject to the Export Administration Regulations (EAR):

(i) Items, such as semiconductor designs, when produced by Huawei and its affiliates on the Entity List (e.g., HiSilicon), that are the direct product of certain U.S. Commerce Control List (CCL) software and technology; and

(ii) Items, such as chipsets, when produced from the design specifications of Huawei or an affiliate on the Entity List (e.g., HiSilicon), that are the direct product of certain CCL semiconductor manufacturing equipment located outside the United States. Such foreign-produced items will only require a license when there is knowledge that they are destined for reexport, export from abroad, or transfer (in-country) to Huawei or any of its affiliates on the Entity List.

To prevent immediate adverse economic impacts on foreign foundries utilizing U.S. semiconductor manufacturing equipment that have initiated any production step for items based on Huawei design specifications as of [date of rule effective date], such foreign-produced items are not subject to these new licensing requirements so long as they are reexported, exported from abroad, or transferred (in-country) by 120 days from the effective date.

原文链接：https://www.commerce.gov/news/press-releases/2020/05/commerce-addresses-huaweis-efforts-undermine-entity-list-restricts

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